ZmHSFA2d positively regulates maize seedling heat and drought tolerance by modulating photosystem protein synthesis
Key message ZmHSFA2d enhances maize heat and drought tolerance by safeguarding photosynthesis homeostasis, and its expression is directly activated by ZmbHLH124. Abstract Heat stress significantly influences plant growth, development, and productivity. Nevertheless, many maize (Zea mays) heat shock factors (HSFs) remain uncharacterized. Here, we explored the role of ZmHSFA2d in thermotolerance. ZmHSFA2d transcript levels were notably elevated under heat shock. ZmHSFA2d localized to the nucleus and displayed transactivation in yeast. Under heat shock, ZmHSFA2d-overexpressing maize seedlings exhibited greater thermotolerance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents compared to control lines ; however, these effects were reversed following the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (KO) of ZmHSFA2d. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the expression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins, including those associated with ribosome assembly and translation progress, was significantly decreased in ZmHSFA2d-KO plants. Quantitative proteomic analysis further indicated that compared to control, the expression of key proteins [chlorophyll a/b binding proteins and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex subunits] in photosystem was significantly decreased in ZmHSFA2d-KO lines. Furthermore, using Y1H, EMSA, Dual-Luciferin assays, and maize mesophyll protoplast expression, we found that ZmbHLH124, which is responsive to both heat and drought stress, directly upregulated the transcript levels of ZmHSFA2d. Additionally, ZmHSFA2d positively modulating maize drought tolerance, and compare to WT, ribosomal protein genes in ZmHSFA2d-KO plants also notably decreased under drought stress. Overall, our result s indicated that the ZmHSFA2d positively regulates maize heat and drought tolerance by modulating the protein synthesis. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of HSFs in maize thermotolerance and offers useful genetic resources for the breeding of multiple stress-tolerant maize varieties.
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Obinutuzumab in Patients With Active
and titles to filter out irrelevant articles, and a third reviewer settled any conflicts. The complete search methodology and results are given in Supplemental Digital Content 1 (see Table S1, http://links.lww.com/AJT/ A224). Inclusion criteria required studies to (1) RCTs evaluating obinutuzumab plus standard therapy versus placebo plus standard therapy, (2) included adults aged 18–75 years with biopsy confirming active lupus nephritis (class III or IV, with or without Class V disease), (3) assessed at least 1 outcome related to complete kidney response, defined by a urinary protein-tocreatinine ratio ,0.5, an eGFR of at least 85% of baseline, and absence of treatment failure, rescue therapy, death or early withdrawal. Exclusion criteria included nonrandomized studies, single-arm trials, case reports, observational stu dies, and abstracts. The quality of study was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0). 6 Statistical analyses were performed using Revman 5.4, using mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We analyzed dichotomous outcomes, using both risk ratios (RR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI to provide a comprehensive assessment of treatment effects. Two RCTs meeting the predefined inclusion criteria were included in qualitative and quantitative analyses. 3,4 These RCTs reported data from 396 patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis (obinutuzumab =198 patients, placebo = 198 patients).
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The best interests of the child in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union
The principle that 'in all actions relating to children (…) the child's best interests must be a primary consideration' (Article 24(2) EU Charter of Fundamental Rights) is widely applied by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). This article considers preliminary rulings in which the CJEU had recourse to the best interests of the child as the criterion for settling the dispute in the main proceeding. For analytical purposes, these cases may be grouped in two clusters: cases resembling child custody disputes, and other cases. It is argued that, in the light of the varied factual circumstances of the judicial disputes, the application of the criterion of best interests of the child as primary consideration warrants further scrutiny. To this end, this arti cle identifies and assesses a practical and a conceptual challenge to the widespread application of the criterion. The former posits that the criterion is indeterminate, and this article considers whether drawing from Article 3 of the Convention on the Right of the Child may help in solving the uncertainty; the latter maintains that the test is unjust and self-defying, a critique that this article finds only partially founded, for cases resembling child custody disputes. Keywords Best interests of the child, EU law, EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Court of Justice of the European Union, family law 1. Introduction The primacy of the interests of the child is 'one of the principles permeating the EU legal order
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Soalan Pat Bahasa Melayu Tahun 1
Soalan bahasa arab tahun 1, soalan bahasa inggeris tingkatan 2, soalan bahasa malaysia tingkatan 1, soalan bahasa inggeris tahun 4, soalan bahasa istana, soalan bahasa inggeris tingkatan 1, soalan bahasa inggeris tahun 2, soalan bahasa inggeris tahun 3, soalan bahasa inggeris tahun 5, soalan pat matematik tahun 4, soalan pat geografi tingkatan 1, soalan pat 2018, soalan pat tahun 5 2018, soalan pat sejarah tahun 6, soalan pat pendidikan islam k2 ting 4, soalan pat tahun 2, soalan pat sains tingkatan 1 2017,
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Ensuring internal quality control practices in medical Laboratories: IFCC recommendations for practical applications based on ISO 15189:2022
(Abstract not found) Download PDF: https://rasmop.eu.org/1JywSX
